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The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which reduced agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops. The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products. The Act created a new agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies.〔Agricultural Adjustment Act, , , enacted May 12, 1933.〕〔Hurt, R. Douglas, ''Problems of Plenty: The American Farmer in the Twentieth Century'', (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 69.〕 The Agriculture Marketing Act, which established the Federal Farm Board in 1929, was seen as a strong precursor to this act.〔Harris Gaylord Warren, Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 175.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The New Deal Farm Program )〕 The law, in its entirety, can be read (here ). ==Background== When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in March 1933, the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression.〔Hurt, R. Douglas, ''Problems of Plenty: The American Farmer in the Twentieth Century'', (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 67.〕 "Farmers faced the most severe economic situation and lowest agricultural prices since the 1890s."〔 "Overproduction and a shrinking international market had driven down agricultural prices."〔Hurt, R. Douglas, ''Problems of Plenty: The American Farmer in the Twentieth Century'', (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 68.〕 Soon after his inauguration, Roosevelt called the Hundred Days Congress into session to address the crumbling economy.〔 From this Congress came the Agricultural Adjustment Administration to replace the Federal Farm Board. The Roosevelt Administration was tasked with decreasing agricultural surpluses.〔 Wheat, cotton, field corn, hogs, rice, tobacco, and milk and its products were designated as basic commodities in the original legislation. Subsequent amendments in 1934 and 1935 expanded the list of basic commodities to include rye, flax, barley, grain sorghum, cattle, peanuts, sugar beets, sugar cane, and potatoes.〔Rasmussen, Wayne D., Gladys L. Baker, and James p. Ward, "A Short History of Agricultural Adjustment, 1933-75." Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 391 (March 1976), pg. 2.〕 The Administration targeted these commodities for the following reasons: # Changes in the prices of these commodities had a strong effect on the prices of other important commodities. # These commodities were already running a surplus at the time. # These items each required some amount of processing before they could be consumed by humans.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agricultural Adjustment Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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